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There are a number of ways to produce hydrogen without generating carbon emissions. Hydrogen is clean-burning, producing only water vapor as waste, so fuel-cell vehicles using hydrogen will be zero-emission, an important factor given the need to reduce air pollution. Unlike battery-powered electric vehicles, fuel-cell powered ones have a long cruising range-up to 650 kilometers per tank (the fuel is usually compressed hydrogen gas) a hydrogen fuel refill only takes about three minutes. Fuel-cell vehicles are therefore hybrids and will likely also deploy regenerative braking, which recovers energy from waste heat, a key capability for maximizing efficiency and range. In practice, fuel cells and batteries are combined, with the fuel cell generating electricity and the batteries storing it until demanded by the motors that drive the vehicle. Unlike batteries, which must be charged from an external source and can take from five to 12 hours depending on the car and charger, fuel cells generate electricity directly, using hydrogen or natural gas. Initial prices are likely to be in the range of $70,000 but should come down significantly as volumes increase within the next couple of years.
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The technology has only now begun to reach the stage where automotive companies are planning launches for consumers, however. In doing so, the Meta-Council aims to raise awareness of their potential and contribute to closing the gaps in investment, regulation and public understanding that so often thwart progress.įuel-cell vehicles have long promised several major advantages over those powered by electricity or hydrocarbons. To compile this list the WEF’s Meta-Council on Emerging Technologies, a panel of 18 experts, draws on the collective expertise of the Forum’s numerous communities to identify the most important technological trends. From zero-emission cars fueled by hydrogen to computer chips modeled on the human brain, this year’s Top 10 Emerging Technologies list-an annual compilation from the World Economic Forum (WEF)-offers a vivid glimpse of the power of innovation to improve lives, transform industries and safeguard our planet. Although never without risk, technological breakthroughs promise solutions to the most pressing global challenges of our time. Technology is perhaps the greatest agent of change in the modern world. Scientific American editor-in-chief Mariette DiChristina is serving as vice-chair. Bernard Meyerson, chief innovation officer of IBM and author of the following essay, is chair of the Meta-Council. SA Forum is an invited essay from experts on topical issues in science and technology.Įditor's note: Today the World Economic Forum 's Meta-Council on Emerging Technologies, one of the organization's networks of expert communities that form the Global Agenda Councils, released its Top 10 List of Emerging Technologies for 2015.